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Food Cost: What It Is, How to Calculate It and How to Reduce It in Your Restaurant

Food cost is the percentage of a restaurant's total revenue spent on purchasing raw materials and ingredients. It is calculated by dividing the cost of food consumed by sales for the same period and multiplying by 100. A healthy food cost in hospitality sits between 28% and 35%.
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Why food cost is the most important metric in your kitchen

Most restaurants know their sales figures, but few truly know how much it costs them to produce each dish. Without that data, it is impossible to know whether a menu is profitable or whether you are losing money on every cover. Food cost gives you that visibility: if it exceeds 35%, your gross margin is at risk and you need to act — whether by adjusting prices, renegotiating with suppliers or reducing waste.

How to calculate food cost step by step

The formula is: Food Cost (%) = (Opening inventory + Purchases in the period − Closing inventory) ÷ Sales × 100. For example, if you start the month with €2,000 in stock, purchase €5,000, end with €1,500 and sell €18,000, your food cost is (2,000 + 5,000 − 1,500) ÷ 18,000 × 100 = 30.5%. The most common mistake is not doing the closing inventory count — without it, the calculation is inaccurate and the data is useless for decision-making.

The 3 most common causes of a high food cost

First, unrecorded waste: ingredients that are lost, expire or are misused without leaving a trace. Second, purchase prices that rise without updating the menu price: the dish cost goes up but the selling price stays the same. Third, inconsistent portions: without defined recipe cost cards, each chef serves a different amount. Kitchen Stocker addresses all three: it logs waste with reasons, updates ingredient costs when invoices are received, and links ingredients to recipes so the dish cost is always current.

Theoretical food cost vs. actual food cost

Theoretical food cost is what producing what you sold should have cost, based on your recipes and ingredient prices. Actual food cost is what it truly cost, including waste, theft and portioning errors. The difference between the two is called 'variance', and if it exceeds 3–5%, there is an operational problem to investigate. Comparing both figures monthly is one of the most valuable routines a restaurant can adopt.

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Frequently asked questions about food cost

What is a good food cost percentage for a restaurant?+

In hospitality, a food cost between 28% and 35% is considered healthy. Bars and cafés tend to sit at the lower end (25–30%), while restaurants with elaborate cuisine may reach 35–38%. The important thing is to know your own number and compare it against your historical trend.

How often should I calculate food cost?+

Ideally, calculate it weekly during the first few months to detect trends, then monthly once the process is under control. Doing it only once a year is not useful for management — by the time you spot the problem, you will have already lost too much margin.

What is the difference between food cost and beverage cost?+

Food cost applies only to solid food. Beverage cost is calculated separately because its margins are very different — beverages typically have a cost of 18–25%, well below food. Mixing them distorts the analysis.

How does waste affect food cost?+

Directly: every kilogram of produce lost increases the real cost without generating any sale. A restaurant with 5% waste on its purchases could be losing thousands of euros a month without realising it. Recording each instance of waste with its reason is the first step to reducing it.

Can Kitchen Stocker calculate food cost automatically?+

Yes. Kitchen Stocker cross-references the opening inventory, purchases recorded in the invoice module and the closing stock count to calculate the actual food cost for the period. It also calculates the theoretical food cost per recipe, so you can compare both in the same report.

Control your food cost — no spreadsheets

Kitchen Stocker calculates actual and theoretical food cost automatically, cross-referencing inventory, purchases and recipes. Set up your restaurant in under 48 hours.

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Last updated: 2026-04-08